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Thursday, February 14, 2013

Membuat siswa berbicara dengan menggunakan gambar

 Hampir diketahui secara universal bahwa ‘dongeng’ merupakan salah satu cara yang jitu untuk mengajarkan bahasa Inggris (Harwood, 1990). Kesulitannya adalah bagaimana cara membuat siswa tidak merasa bosan dengan hanya didongengi, atau mereka telah terlalu sering diminta memahami isi teks yang mengandung cerita di dalamnya dengan cara menjawab pertanyaan.  Cara di bawah ini, merupakan sebuah alternatif untuk mengajarkan naratif dengan menekankan kepada siswa untuk berbicara lebih banyak.

Sebelum memulai pengajaran, pilihlah terlebih dahulu teks naratif yang hendak diajarkan.  Sebaiknya, pilihlah teks naratif yang telah dikenal siswa atau sebelumnya pernah diajarkan untuk diulang-ajarkan dengan cara yang berbeda dan dengan tujuan pengajaran yang berbeda pula.

Masuklah ke dalam kelas dan mulailah mengajar dengan menggambar tokoh pada papan tulis, dan anda jangan berbicara. (Jangan khawatir jika anda merasa tidak berbakat menggambar, gambarlah dengan sekedar garis dan lengkung yang menunjukkan karakter, misalnya seorang putri, cukup dengan menggambar dengan stick figure dengan dilengkapi tiara  yang menjadi ciri seorang putri).  Setelah gambar pertama selesai, berbalik kepada siswa, dan mintalah mereka untuk menyebutkan apa yang mereka lihat. Pada tahap-tahap awal mungkin para siswa menebak agak jauh dengan yang diinginkan tetapi dengan menambah clue pada karakter, para siswa akan tergiring pada tokoh yang diinginkan. Seperti yang dicontohkan olehHarwood (1990) memberi petunjuk  draw your first picture, and indicate student. Your students will look at you blaknly: gesture to the picture. Your student will put their brain in gear and hazard*. “a girl?” draw a crown on the picture. The student will then offer ‘a princess’. (*put…in gear: activate)

Lanjutkan dengan gambar berikutnya, dan gambar pula aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh karakter, pada saat yang sama biarkan para siswa menyebutkan kalimat sesuai dengan gambar yang mereka lihat.  Jika para siswa menyebutkan kalimat yang kurang sesuai dengan keinginan, gunakan gesture dan facial expression untuk menunjukkan agar mereka memperbaiki kalimatnya. Para siswa dengan segera akan mengetahui kemana cerita yang  sedang dibuat akan mengarah, dan mereka akan mengetahui karakter lain yang dibutuhka untuk cerita tersebut (karena sebelumnya cerita ini telah diberikan).

Pada tahap ini, bisa saja kegiatan menggambar dihentikan, dan mintalah siswa untuk melanjutkan menggambar dan siswa lainnya menyebutkan kelanjutan ceritanya. Jangan khawatir jika siswa menggambar tidak sesuai dengan alur cerita yang telah diajarkan, selama para siswa tetap bercerita mengikuti gambar.

Alternatif lain, menggambar sampai cerita selesai kemudian membagi siswa ke dalam kelompok. Setelah itu meminta siswa untuk melakukan act out  cerita yang digambar tadi.  Cara ini akan memberikan para siswa kesempatan untuk menggunakan kalimat yang tadi mereka dengar, mereka ingat,  atau bahkan mereka ucapkan pada saat mengikuti gambar.

Atau dapat pula anda meminta siswa untuk menceritakan ulang cerita, tetapi tambahlah dengan meminta siswa untuk menjelaskan proses bagaimana untuk menjadi frog  misalnya (jika kisah yang diambil adalah The Princess and The Frog).

Referensi

Harwood, Robin (1990). Twice-Told Tales. Forum Vol XXVII Nov 3.

Thursday, February 7, 2013

Using drawing for the betterment comprehension of the Reported Speech

 Participants:

Meeting 1

Class: 12 Science 3

Day/Date: Thursday /07/02/2013 

Time: 07.00 -08.30

N: 41 (12 Male, 29 Female)

Age: 16-17 years old

 

                In the meeting the students are asked to read a text entitled “The Wolf and the Crane”. The text is taken from Look Ahead 3: An English Course for Senior High School Students Year XII, page 141-142, published by Erlangga, written by Th. M Sudarwati and Eudia Grace.

                The text comes in the cloze text where there are 11 words missing from the text. The students read the text and at the same time fill in the blanks with the words provided and had been explained at the beginning of the lesson. The students devote their 10 minutes to read and fill in the blanks. As soon as they finished filling in the blanks, the teacher leads the students to discuss on the answer wrote in the blanks.

The activity is continued by the questions and answers to understand the content of the text. The students are given five questions with five options to pick as the best answer to the questions. The questions is asking what character that the wolf has, when the major complication arose, what the word ‘badly’ means, why the crane changed her mind, and in what way that some people like the wolf. Most of the students could answer well, except finding the synonym of ‘badly’. They thought that the word ‘badly’ is from ‘bad’.  The effect of this they answered that ‘badly’ means ‘very awful’.

The students then are asked to read again the text and now they are asked to mark the SAYING VERBS. The teacher reminds them about ACTION VERBS, THINKING VERBS, and LINKING VERBS that they had already learnt in the previous semester. The teacher shows the students paragraph 3 line 1 of the text, it says “What a nasty bone!” he complained. The teacher explained that COMPLAINED is the example of saying word. The teacher shows the students a short article taken from The Jakarta Post to show that saying verbs are also used in the text of News Item besides in Narrative. The article is as follows.

Jakarta Police destroy drugs worth Rp 11 billion

The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | Jakarta | Thu, February 07 2013, 7:26 AM

The Jakarta Police destroyed on Wednesday illegal drugs with a street value of more than Rp 11 billion (US$1.13 million), which had been seized in a series of raids between December 2012 and January.

City police spokesman Sr. Comr. Rikwanto said on Wednesday that the force wanted to prevent the drugs from being used in the future. He expressed his hope that police would destroy more illegal drugs in the future.

The drugs destroyed included 5 kilograms of crystal methamphetamine; 90 Happy Five pills; 12,826 Ecstasy pills; and 6 kilograms of marijuana.

“The narcotics were owned by 15 suspects, all of whom are present here today,” Rikwanto said. “Our officers are making them destroy their own drugs, in the hope it will act as a deterrent.”

Officials from the prosecutors’ offices and courts in Jakarta, who had provided the permits for the drugs to be destroyed, were also present to witness the event.

http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/02/07/jakarta-police-destroy-drugs-worth-rp-11-billion.html

 

The students can mention the saying verbs used in the Wolf and the Crane text. Then, the students are asked to write down the direct speech used in the wolf and the crane in a columns. The first column is provided for the direct speech and the second one for the indirect speech. The students work in partner to change the direct speech into indirect speech.

 

Plan for Meeting 2

The students in group of four discuss the change of direct speech into indirect speech. It seems that many students made many mistakes and get confused with the reported speech. Even though the reported speech itself has been given in the third semester.

The teacher explains the change of direct speech into indirect speech. Then the teacher asks the students to draw. For example, the student draws a wolf and makes a bubble above his head and fills the bubble with the sentence said by the wolf such as “ What a nasty bone!”, and they write the indirect speech for that bubble direct speech to be ” The wolf complained that it was a nasty bone”. Hopefully the use of drawing will help the students to change easily the direct and indirect speech.

 

Monday, February 4, 2013

EKSPRESI YANG DIGUNAKAN UNTUK TEKS DISCUSSION

 Expresi penting dalam menyampaikan isu yang saling bertentangan

  1. Ekspresi yang menunjukkan ada dua pandangan yang berbeda:

–         There are many conflicting opinions about (the use of X-Rays in a hospital)

–         People have different opinions on the issue of (capital punishment)

–         (Australians) have been debating[B1] [B2]  the possibility of (becoming a republic).           There are arguments for (mendukung) and against (menentang)……

–         Death penalty has been debating the possibility of it positive and negative effects on it.

–         Introducing a ( family planning program/ short work week ) may lead to both positive and negative effects on society.

  1. Menunjukkan pertentangan

However (tetapi), but, although, unfortunately,

On the other hand (di sisi lain); on the contrary;

  1. Ekspresi yang menunjukkan mendukung/setuju/positif/for

–         60% people agree …

–         Some think that death penalty is necessary ….

  1. Untuk menambahkan argument, ekspresi yang dapat digunakan:

–         What is more…

–         In addition to …

–         Further …

–         Not only will …. but will also ….

 

  1. Ekspresi yang menunjukkan menentang/ tidak setuju/ negative

–         40% of (the patients) disagree …

–         There are others who consider it …

–         Some others think …

  1. Untuk menyimpulkan:

–         To sum up ..

–         In conclusion ..

–         In summary ….

  1. Menyatakan pendapat pribadi

–         Personally, I think …

–         In my opinion …

–         I feel …

–         In my point of view ….

 

Dear Ms. B,

In my opinion speaking in front of the class may come up with two points of view. There are positives and negatives effects of it.

I agree  ……………….

 

 

However, I disagree …………………..

 

 

I can conclude ……………. .